The Introduction of a Breakthrough in Advanced Interstellar Space Propulsion

How to Travel to the Stars Part 5

This is the quick and somewhat simple explanation of how the OVAL interstellar device operates. Please remember this summary relies heavily on the information covered in the previous pages. The priciples of its operation are quite complicated and this summary should be regarded as mearly overviewing the most important points. Further questions and comments can be emailed directly to me from the contact page.

This website is an excellent primer if your not up to date with current trends in space exploration and where the future may take us. Covers rockets to relativity. I wish I had the time to produce such information and am glad someone else has taken the time.

The Solar Skiff website : www.SolarSkiff.com

Electromagnetism and Gravity

The following linked diagram summarizes the key electromagnetic interaction utilized in the OVAL interstellar propulsion system " termed Vortexmal on the diagram " and the relationship of this interaction to other electromagnetic fields and forces. This diagram acts as a foundation from which to continue this explanation.

Figure 1. Table of Common Electromagnetic Interactions

A Toy which demonstrates the only method of levitation using permanent magnets
The Levitron
(An example of combining mechanical rotation and magnetic fields.
Note the mechanical orientation and magnetic field
are out of phase with each other by 90 degrees.)

This special case of electromagnetodynamic fields as shown in figure 1 is not presently researched or described in any current papers. However, it is completely exceptable under all know electromagnetic laws, requires no rewrite of any known physics and explains a tremendous amount about the Universe in which we live.

If we examine this specific case in detail we notice some unusual things are occurring. The electrical polarity and magnetic polarity are of a circular nature, similar to that within an atom. This can be represented somewhat simplified by the alternating electromagnetic field and resultant force shown in figure 2.

Figure 2

Rotating Electromagnetic Field

Of most important note is that although electromagnetic fields are involved in this particular situation, any external measurement of electromagnetic field would likely show near zero, due to the self canceling, alternating nature of the fields. This is exactly the same concept as the already widely established idea of an atom being considered electrically neutral ( and having no magnetic field )although it is composed of separate protons and electrons in motion, which must have an associated electric, magnetic and mechanical moment. In fact, the primary arguments against Einstein's Unified Field were the inability to detect a "magnetic moment" which can easily be explained by the rotating, outwardly zero, nature of the alternating or circular magnetic field being discussed. The idea of a magnetic monopole has been proven impossible, yet a toroidial magnetic field ( figure 3 ), or vortexmal magnetic field ( figure 1 ), or magnetic field around a conductor ( see part 4 )can exist and yet they do not technically posses any specific magnetic pole orientation outwardly detectable because they all have a circular magnetic field.

So in our universe there exists a measure of "density or concentration of outwardly neutral electromagnetic fields" or "neutral field". Thus huge quantities of electromagnetic energy can exist without reacting electromagnetically but more mechanically or as mass to the relative environment outside this specific configuration of electromagnetic energy. The continuation of this idea suggests that this neutralization of electromagnetic energys occurs not only on small atomic or subatomic scales but on macroscopic scales as well. In fact this type of field and its wavelengths and frequencies would occur across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. This neutral field and its measure represents the link between neutral mass, the gravity of this mass and electromagnetism. The measure of mass verses electromagnetic field is mearly a difference in timing and relative perspective. The link between quantum mechanics and relativistic mechanics is the quantum wave nature is associated with a mechanical/inertial/or even gravitational type of force which itself is of a wave nature. This concept of a mechanical wave nature /inertial field of force /phononic or logitudinal waveform and its proportionality to the electromagnetic field, as graphically shown and described in Part 4, have already been mathematically defined by the Linear Solution of Einstein's Field Equations. This solution is described on Wikepedia:

Link to Wikipedia Explanation of Einstein's field equations

The OVAL space vehicle's propulsion system uses this concept of a neutral electromagnetic field ( or vortexmal electromagnetic field, or mechanical waveforms )as one of the fundamental principles to its operation. Of most important note is that although this form of interstellar propulsion is utilizing electric and magnetic energy, components and fields, there is essentialy no electromagnetic field external to the space vehicle. It is using a rapidlly changing, contained electromagnetic field to increase or decrease the total energy of a region of space/time and the inertial reactance of this energy.

In this way, by simply redefining and extrapolating on the concept of a Neutral Field or the internal electromagnetic field of matter ( or Unified Field ), an entirely new way of defining our interaction with the Universe comes into play.

Astronomy Text Article about Gravitational Radiation
Propogation of Mechanical Waves through Space

Induction Drive

Induction driving refers to the ability of a vehicle to create a direct reaction against space/time ( or the external environment ) itself. A simple experiment with a solenoid chronograph proves that there is a direct relationship between all movement and the electromagnetic field. This relationship is especially true when the movement is occurring within an ambient electromagnetic field already, which in nearly all cases it is. Consider a magnet falling through a solenoid and a solenoid falling onto a stationary magnet. Both cases will induce current within the solenoid despite the relative differences in the motion. The principle and reaction are the same. In fact even for substances considered "non-magnetic" there is sufficient electromagnetodynamic reactance to measure a weak current flow with sensitive enough measuring equipment. In fact for a reverse of this experiment consider the ability to levitate non-magnetic materials in an intense magnetic field. There is a documented case in which a living frog was suspended in this fashion. The relationships between magnetism, electricity, and change or movement defines the fundamental structure and interrelationships within the structure of our Universe.

Figure 3

Magnetic Field of a Torus

Using the relationships of electromagnetodynamics, as described in Part 4, this space vehicle exploits this weak connection between magnet fields, electric fields and forces or acceleration. By creating a very specific type of electromagnetic field, in a very specific configuration of extremely high intensity a powerful motivating force can be created. In this space system the electromagnetic energy is applied soley to the mass comprising the space vehicle and not radiated into space. In this fashion the vehicle and the powerful field act similar to the armature of an electric motor, with the external environment acting as the stator. This is a unique method of imparting motion. In technical terms this propulsion system could be called a One Inductor Drive. Only through harmonic resonant amplification and feedback of the electromagnetic field, to extreme levels, and the resultant mechanical vibrations/oscillations/ or rotations ( and their associated resonance and feedback ) occurring within all the mass of the craft, will sufficient magnitude of force be developed for propulsion. This space propulsion system has more in common with magnetohydrodynamic submarine propulsion and musical instruments, than it has with any rocket or jet technology. You might even loosly describe it as a cross between a nuclear submarine, a magnetic resonance imaging machine and an alternating current conduction magnetohydromagnetic pump. In fact it combines even more devices in its operation.

The One Inductor Drive can be considered the engine or means of propulsion for the space vehicles shown on this website. This one inductor drive described is only one device out of many different designs which could produce or utilize these same propulsive effects. There are likely hundreds of different systems and devices which could apply the concepts proposed here. Induction drive is the mechanism and revolutionary breakthrough required for mankind to begin to explore extreme distances in outer space.

Prospects for a Breakthrough in Field Dependent Propulsion
A.C. HOLT,
NASA Johnson Space Center

Gravitational field Propulsion pdf

Summary of Space System Operation

The system shown and described within this website represents many years of research and work. To summarize many years of understanding into a couple of paragraphs is a difficult process prone to inevitable miscommunication. As stated many times previously, comprehension of this system will necessitate an understanding of the interrelationships of all the material discussed.

A breakdown of the usage of electrical energy and how it is transduced to induce motion follows:

Initially a large electrical impulse is generated by the power shaping electronics of the craft and the large on board power source. This electromagnetic impulse is applied to the base of the main power pole and will travel throughout the vehicle from that point. Any significant feature or dimension will be a harmonic measure based on this initial input point. Power distribution throughout the vehicle is simple, based on harmonic interaction due to distances from the source. This impulse is repeated in time with the natural electrical harmonics within the vehicles components. These repetitive inputs will oscillate between the main power shell and the stern spheroids of the craft, back and forth through the main power pole. Repetitive impulses at this natural harmonic and sub-harmonics will increase the total strength of the oscillating energy. The total field strength can be decreased through dissonant impulses being introduced or increased through resonant impulses. This field of energy can be likened to the creation of a powerful tornado of electromagnetic energy encompassing the entire mass of the spacecraft. The difference is the energy does not technically rotate or occillate but forms a powerful standing wave condition.

The Propulsion system uses this "contained" resonant electromagnetic field to induce a mechanical impulse on the external reference frame through induction. Outwardly no electromagnetic oscillation would be apparent ( outwardly neutral ) as a standing wave condition would exist within the power pole and connected drive components. The main coil ( figure 3 ) which is inductively coupled with the main pole will receive magnetic impulses from the oscillations in the main pole, but due to its design will not re-radiate said impulses. In this way the main coil essentially acts as a magnetic pressure tank and will increase in magnetic field intensity as long as further impulses occur ( which are greater than the coils internal losses, suggesting the use of super conduction ). Likewise the main power pole, main coil, capacitive elements and input power from the power shaping system allow the vehicle to act like a huge radio frequency laser or raser, where stimulated emission of radio energy occurs further enhancing the strength of the electromagnetic field. Thus energy required for traveling a distance through space is stored up over time. This negates the need for an overly large on board source of power or fuel.

Since the overall layout of the electric and magnetic components puts all electrical fields out of phase with all magnetic fields ( by ninety degrees ) and a large percentage of the total electromagnetic field is orientated ninety degrees to the vertical axis of the vehicle, there is an associated Lorenz or Lenz force produced by these fields ( figure 1 and figure 2 ). The arrangement of the main coil and the main pole contribute greatly to the power of this effect. This force is generated similarly to the magnetohydrodynamic AC conduction pump or an electronic high power version of the helical induction pump. The difference is the fields are contained, circular and generate primarily internal impulses( external impulses are considered a loss ). The propulsion system can be loosely considered as a type of electromagnetic helicopter, where the blades are electromagnetic fields and can be rotated at much higher rates and the total power can be many times greater. As a general comparison consider that an ordinary helicopters rotors maximum rpm is maybe 5000 whereas with this system the comparable rpm would be around 50 million rpm. Another difference is the fields rotate or counterotate internally generating a more pure form of reactionary motion. This is the secret of propellentless propulsion.

As the electromagnetic impulses augment ( or continue to feedback and constructively amplify ) the resultant total impulse force generated by the portion of electromagnetic field in the Lorenz configuration increases. The rate of the mechanical impulses generated is the same as the rate of the initial electromagnetic impulses, which is the same as the rate of electromagnetic oscillation in the main pole, which is the same as the rate of oscillation in the main coil which all combined at such a high frequency )result in the production of a relatively constant force. It should be stressed again that not only are the electromagnetic resonance characteristics taken into account but the mechanical resonances of the impulse frequency must also be considered. Thus the sizes and ratios of all the components and materials as well as there electric, magnetic and mechanical reactance must be carefully calculated. Through the phase relationships and power storage of the aft spheroids, main coil, and the main power shell and the control over these relationships by the power shaping systems, manipulation of the electromagnetodynamic field produced by the craft can be modified for intelligent navigation and control.

Albert Einstein and the Mathematics Interstellar Propulsion

The theories of Albert Einstein began the theoretical framework within which this space propulsion system operates. There exist direct observable, real world applications and consequences of relativity and suggestion of a unified nature to our Universe. Although many physicists would disagree, there exists considerable evidence to support the fact that Albert Einstein did indeed produce an involved form of his "Unified Field Theory For Gravitation and Electromagnetism." The exact mathematical proof was perhaps not entirely worked out ( or at least not published in its entirety), but it was worked out to the point where it could predict observations and suggest possible experiments( atomic energy being a good example).

It has been ascertained one of the motivating factors for Mr. Einstein's work on the Unified Field Theory was for his desire to develop some framework within which a new space transportation system could be realized, especially in regards to vast interstellar distances. One of Einstein's famous thought experiments questioned how exactly an electron can traverse immense distances between atoms at incredible velocities which, if considered on a macroscopic scale, is akin to our Earth traversing the distance to another solar system.

Please read the following copy of Albert Einstein's "Unified Field Theory of Gravitation and Electricity" and his 1929 New York Times article about his Unified Field theory for a glimpse into the far reaching implications of this brilliant mathematical work. Einstein's himself explains how in order to unify gravity and electromagnetism the theory suggests there might exist an ordered harmonic mechanical field pattern as well as the quantum electromagnetic pattern. This is itself a revolutionary idea which explains a great deal about the world in which we live.

Unified Field Theory of Gravitation and Electricity by Albert Einstein PDF file

1929 New York Times Article written by Albert Einstein

Physicist today need to realize the mathematics and theories are but models of reality. They can be used to efficiently predict events and observations but care must be taken not to loose oneself in the mathematics. When the mathematics becomes overly complicated and abstract it begins to fail because the ability to visualize the practical applications and demonstrations is lost. The drawing and animations here represent extremely complicated mathematical constructs and yet the visualizations themselves are quite straightforward and simple. There are a few mathematicians who can actually visualize what there pages of formula and equations actually represent in observable reality. For example; The principles of gravity and relativity are immense mathematical works yet even a child knows that what goes up must come down. Thus this website seeks to demonstrate the practicality of interstellar propulsion utilizing not pages of mathematics but the real world. It should always be remembered Albert Einstein was attempting to give himself and others a simpler understanding of the world not some incredibly abstract mathematical construction no-one but himself could understand.

Possibly the most comprehensive evaluation of a link between electromagnetism and gravity in existence to date.
This is a serious mathematical research funded by the United States Air Force to examine
the possiblity of creating a new form of propulsion using knowledge of a means
to effect gravity through electromagnetism.

Electric Propulsion Study
Prepared for
Air Force Space Technology Center

Another serious study on the ability of electromagnetic fields to manipulate inertia. ( Link Repaired )

Propellantless Propulsion by Electromagnetic Inertia Manipulation.
Experiment and Study
By Hector Hugo Brito

Video replicates Galileo's famous experiment
to prove existance of magnet/gravity reactance.

Secret to Breaking the Light Barrier

The most simple solution to breaking the light barrier, is to not break it at all. If accelerating to near light speed presents such huge difficulties than why not simply attempt the opposite, deceleration. Even better, would be to nullify the mass of the vehicle. If there is no mass, or no inertia, than there is no longer a speed of light limit. The physics community is beginning to warm to the idea of warp travel. There has been a call for papers, and many great ideas are coming forth in this field. The scientists are doing the math on warp travel, and discovering it may no longer be just science fiction.

Figure 7

Relativity and the Speed of Light

In a manner of speaking we are warp travelling right now. Although we cannot feel it, the Earth is rotating at an immense velocity, and travelling through space at an even higher velocity. We live in an inertial reference frame, or bubble of energy blasting through space. If the forces defining this reference can be altered, the concept of velocity and speed would no longer apply.

Trying to break through the light barrier is like trying to go in through an out door. Obviously there will be a huge energy requirement to "smash" through a barrier with brute force. The energy requirements are much less when the "door" is opened the right way or the barrier removed. Much less effort is required and the end result will be the same as if you broke through the barrier.

Consider, for example, breaking the sound barrier in air. removing the air or air friction against a jet. If the air around the jet could be pushed away from it in all direction, there would be no sonic boom, and no sound barrier9 nor would the engines work but it is just an example ) Present interstellar space vehicles all propose accelerating faster and faster with a set initial mass, which at speeds close to light causes an increase in mass and further energy requirements for acceleration. But the real question is, "What is reacting against the mass as we accelerate it?" What if a vehicle decreases this reaction or acceleration? If the space ship decreases the initial mass to near zero, or transforms mass into energy, or the reaction against acceleration is removed, than the degree of acceleration can be extremly high and the speed of light barrier is of no consequence.

Marc Millis, former head of NASA’s Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Project, explains in this video how it might be possible to achieve superluminal travel using our current understanding of the universe. This guy seems to know what he’s talking about so take a look for yourselves.

Rather than trying to force a ship against the light speed barrier by continuous acceleration, this system uses its modest energy to " decelerate " or reduce its inertial reactance/mass to near zero, zero, or even negatively at which point it can "move" without resistance to outside reference frames. This interstellar vehicle achieves this effect indirectly by surrounding itself with an intense pulsating electromagnetic field which is weaker than but opposed to the artificially generated electromagnetic field existing within vehicle. This gives this vehicle the ability to warp travel. The starship controls the space/time around it.

Besides incredible high linear speeds using modification to the original electromagnetodynamic field configuration it is possible to vibrate, oscillate or alternate the fields at high enough speeds the starship would appear to vanish (similar to being able to see through solid fan blades when they are at high rotation. Another interesting biproduct is this system effectively sheilds the vehicle as it propels it. It allows full instant directional manaueverability. Will work in any environment, water, air, and vacuume. This concept is propulsion at its most pure and fundamental level.

By reducing your mass ( or more accurately in this case, the inertial reactance of the mass ) to zero the speed of light barrier becomes irrelevant. The energy requirement is simply the negative of total energy value of the mass of the spaceship, which will be considerably less than infinity and entirely within the bounds of the energy storage capabilities of the starship. This is the real secret to interstellar travel.

Understanding Light
If you want to travel as fast as possible through space,
you have to have a vehicle that behaves like light.

Interstellar Navigation Using Space warps and Hyperspace

Figure 4

Alcubierre Warp Travel

In order to surmount the vast distance the entire method depends heavily on the relative relationship of electromagnetic fields to inertial frames of reference and the existence of a Unified Field throughout all Space/Time. Recently new theories and mathematical solutions have come to light in the physics institutions which are beginning to lay down the framework of these exact same relationships.

The Warp Drive: Hyper-fast Travel Within General Relativity By Miguel Alcubierre PDF file

Interstellar Travel by Means of Wormhole Induction Propulsion
By Eric W. Davis

The Theory of Buckhard Heim and its Presentation of Hyperspace Travel

Source for Buckhard Heim's Abstract and Paper

Guidelines for Space Propulsion Utilizing Buckhard Heim's Theory

Mars Express?
A news article on hyperspace travel according to Buckhard Heim

Figure 5

Hyperspace Travel in Two Dimensions

According to the modern theories of Miguel Alcubierre the type of space time manipulation pictured in figure 4 is theoretically possible dependant on a method "to create or negate mass." Hyperspace travel occurs as in figure 5, the field of the vehicle could focus energy in order to react more strongly with the harmonics of the destination space and thus draw it closer. The densities and ratios of planets and stars in space give them all a unique electromagnetodynamic spectrum. On one hand the overall mechanical impulse is pulling the destination space-time in the direction of the impulse, essentially creating a hole in the destination space. This attraction is reinforced by a repulsive force generated by a corresponding increase in energy in the space behind or surrounding the starship, essentially forcing the starship out of this space. ( In reality the distortion would not be linear as in figure 5 but four dimensional as in figure 6) Eventually this huge difference in energy will be released and by riding this huge release of energy or stress in space-time the starship can hop or jump from point to point, almost like a surfer rides a wave.

As can be seen in figure 5, the spaceship does not even need to travel through the intervening space between the two points. Rather than the present concept of teleportation, in which objects are dematerialized, transmitted and then rematerialized, the real means of teleportation or hyperspace travel is much simpler. With this interstellar system, two points in the universe can be made to exist simultaneously in the same Space/Time, and your destination is chosen merely by deciding which point you wish to exist in. The best way to describe this is like being here, and then being here and there at the same time, and then just being there. So the complex structure of the actual vehicle is maintained because no dematerialization occurs. The vehicle utilizes its immense inertial field control to manipulate space and time causing the distance and time normally associated with velocity to be manipulated.

The huge energy required to traverse the distance traveled in space is built up over time. In this manner the ship can be fed energy or build up its own energy while still in local space before it actually moves anywhere. The ship requires much more time to charge between jumps than the actual time it takes to make the jumps themselves. Possibly an easier way to consider this method of travel is to reconsider the speed of light barrier problem. Since this barrier says that as you approach it your mass and therefore energy requirements becomes infinite, what if the reverse concept was applied. Suppose you had a vehicle which could negate its own mass, or for all intensive purposes a vehicle that could behave and react with the universe, in the same manner as an individual photon of light.

Figure 6. Four Dimensional Hyperspace Travel

Understanding the Nature of Time

There are certain properties of time extremely relevant to interstellar propulsion. Of all the fundamental Universal constructs, the mechanism and nature of Time is probably the most misunderstood. The media concepts and current explanations of travelling through time, the fourth dimension, paradoxes and relativity have led to this unnecessary complexity. Luckily, like the other fundamental forces and principles, a very good understanding of Time can be achieved through everyday examples and demonstrations. Like electricity, magnetism, and gravity, time is an important part of our everyday lives. In fact time defines what we perceive as reality, as much as the electric, magnetic or mechanical forces do. As you would expect, time and electromagnetodynamics are intimately related to one another. A better understanding of this relationship is required in order to grasp how time can be manipulated and controlled.

Time is best defined by relativity theory, but how does relativity and time really influence our reality? Einstein himself once said that fewer than 10 people really understood what relativity theory implied. So beyond all the complex mathematics and theory there is a common sense explanation, which the complex mathematics attempts to model. In the context of relativity theory, time can be simplified to; change and a relative observer of the change. These two entities, change and the observer of change, are not just relative to one another, they are defining characteristics, or a dimension of the Universe, the dimension of time. Without change, time no longer exists. Without a relative observer of that change, time no longer exists. If there is no change, there is no movement, everything would appear stopped, and therefore we would no longer have any context within which to measure the passage of time. Relativity theory defines this fundamental observer/observed, here/there or this relative to that relationship upon which the entire concept of dimensionality relies.

Space without Time cannot and does not exist. Likewise, Time without Space is meaningless. This is an important part of relativity theory and led to the use of the term Space/Time. Space/Time is, in actuality, a single entity within which the electromagnetodynamic field and time operate. It would be equally valid to call Space/Time, a unified field within which the electromagnetodynamic field and time are special cases. The electromagnetodynamic field potentials, require time and space for context, as they are dynamic, changing over time, and occupy a volume of space. Gravity or electromagnetodynamic fields changing in time, stress (or warp) Space/Time. Thus time is the fourth dimension, and space is defined by the three spacial dimensions (electric potential, magnetic potential, and mechanical potential). Thus Space/Time is considered a four dimensional entity in relativity theory.

The normal flow of time (your current position in time), is more accurately described as the timing difference between the rate of observations perceived and the rate of change actually occurring. To better explain let me provide some simple examples of how this directly applies to how you see in everyday life. As an observer, a human being is a very unique case. Most people are unaware of the processing speed of their own brains and how this effects their perception of time. What you most need to remember is, the human brain has a fixed or set range of observation rates. What this means is the brain can only process sensory information so fast (visual or otherwise). Things happening outside this range are not perceived, or are perceived in a much different way. If you look at a fan when it is off you cannot see what is behind the blades because the blades block your view. When the fan is running, you can see everything on the other side of the blades. Because they are moving too fast for your brain to perceive, your eyes instead see the background. You can think of an atom like a combination of many fan blades running at different speeds. Things moving too slowly (like a plant growing) or too fast (like a bullet) appear much differently to us, one seems not to not change at all, and the other we cannot even see. Only by either slowing the bullet down or speeding up the growth, can we observe the changes occurring. The time dimension has this quality, you can either go really fast or really slow, relative to your present time.

Television and movies make use of this fact. Television and movies work by flashing consecutive still images on a screen which the brain will perceive as a normal flow of time. This same principle applies to reality. Your perception of time depends entirely on how fast your brain can process the input it receives. If a movie is sped up or slowed down the observer sees time speed up or slow down. As always the reverse is also true. If the human brain were to be sped up or slowed down, again the observer would perceive a change in the flow of time. The objects, particles or atoms we perceive as solidity and stable reality are truly only waves of electromagnetodynamic energy changing or standing in time. Without time and space, atoms nor particles, nor anything for that matter has any context within which to exist. Time defines the reality you perceive, as much as the space you’re in and the objects around you, defines your reality.

Besides a little relativity and biology, a little more information is required to visualize how a machine could be made to travel the dimension of time. It has been shown on this website how the speed of light is related to the electromagnetodynamic potentials of space, but how does time relate to the speed of light? The observed constancy of the velocity of light in our Universe is due to a very simple fact, our Universe has a clock. In our Universe time is known to flow at a constant rate, this could be called the fundamental frequency of time, or the fastest transfer of electromagnetic energy possible. Everything changes and moves in time with this fundamental timing cycle of our Universe. The rate that time flows is a direct result of the speed of light. Almost like the speed of the movie film through the projector, except unlike a movie the equivalent frame rate of reality is many, many times faster. Let me provide an example to help visualize the concept.

There is a simple device known as a stroboscope which demonstrates how time operates. A stroboscope flashes a light on some rotating object. If flashed at the same rate as the rotating object, it can make it appear like the rotation stops. This is because the light will always shine on the object when it is in the same exact position (an auto timing light is a stroboscope). The fundamental timing pulse of the Universe is the same as the flashing light of the stroboscope. It defines what will be observed. This clocking of the Universe is an absolute necessity for ever changing patterns of electrodynamic energy to be observed as static, fixed, unchanging or stopped things (particles, atoms). The apparent solidity of matter is dependent entirely on the timing differences between the fundamental timing, the frequencies of the energy composing the matter, the frequencies of the local space around the matter and the rate of change the observer can actually perceive. The timing differences between different regions of space, separate and define those regions of space. Just like if two fans spinning at very different rates are brought together they will collide, yet if they are in sync, spinning together in perfect timing, they can be brought together and even passed through one another. Timing is everything in our Universe.

So how does the speed of light limit the speed of a starship, and how does time figure into all this? If you could somehow get a starship to travel exactly at the speed of light, you would completely lose your connection to your local “clock”, and would cease to exist in the flow of time of the Universe. If you’re travelling as fast as the flow of reality (the flow of time), then the flow of reality would appear to stop (time would stop). The same as two cars travelling the same speed appear stationary to each other. Since you no longer are travelling in time, you would be free to travel to any position in space without any time passing. This is similar to the definition of hyperspace travel. This is exactly the same as being everywhere at once. However, if travelling at the fastest possible speed in the Universe is the same as being everywhere at once, being everywhere in the Universe at once would require the same Space/Time potential as the Universe itself, which is infinite. It would require infinite energy to be everywhere in the Universe at once. Therefore, travelling faster than the speed of light is impossible.

This is not really a bad thing for would be interstellar explorers, or for life in general. Time and electromagnetodynamics are directly related, so any changes in one dimension will always have corresponding effects in the other dimensions. If you increase the electromagnetodynamic stress in a volume of space, you will decrease the speed of light through that space, thus slowing time. Likewise a region of space lacking electromagnetodynamic potential allows the space to change faster (closer to the speed of light) and time flows faster. Our normal flow of time is primarily due to the changing electromagnetodynamic fields of the Earth. The Sun, Moon, and Earth are very dense regions of stress, able to warp space and thus slow time. In fact a normal clock will run faster if in orbit around Earth than if on the surface. Because of these stresses, light never follows a straight, direct path but is slightly bent by the stresses in the space it travels through. For the photon of light, no time passes. Thus time for us on Earth flows much slower than it potentially could. If not limited in this fashion, everything would happen at the speed of light, and every event would occur at once. The Universe would end as soon as it began.

However, this warpage or stress is never static. Our Earth follows a very dynamic path through the Universe. It rotates, orbits the Sun, and the Sun and entire solar system are on a trajectory through our Galaxy. All this momentum( mass and energy ) must be taken into account to navigate Space/Time. The distance you wish to travel through hyperspace requires the difference in electromagnetodynamic potential between the departure and arrival points. Those potentials also define where and when in Space/Time those points exist, and what the local speed of light is (flow of time). Therefore a starship must have the ability to manipulate the electromagnetodynamic field on the same scale as a Sun, a shuttle from the surface only on the scale of the Earth. To better explain; A starship needs to simulate the fields of a star, an interplanetary ship would need to simulate the fields of a planet. The starship could still not ever travel faster than the Universal speed of light or Universal clock speed, but could travel faster or slower than the local normal speed of light. That is, the starship could overpower the local clock signal by creating its own isolated clock, and a thus a new dynamic path through space.

Although impossible to travel the Universal speed of light, we can manipulate our own speed of light relative to the local speed of light. It actually does not take much energy at all to travel outside the normal time. It is more of a shift or change in the timing of the energy/matter in relation to the Earth's own energy/matter (a phase shift).