OVAL EcoTech Logo

The Introduction of a Breakthrough in Advanced Interstellar Space Propulsion

One Inductor Drive

The concept of a One Inductor Drive can be considered as the essential propulsive components of this space propulsion system. However, many differences between this technology and our current understanding of propulsion exist. The main difference between this electromagnetic space propulsion system and those that have gone before is there is no real distinction between the engine of the vehicle and the vehicle itself. In a jet, car or rocket the jet engine, internal combustion engine or rocket engine exist as a seperate component of the vehicle, which can be removed from the vehicle. An induction drive system, by its very design, entirely dispenses with this engine/vehicle distinction. In the case of Induction Space Drives the vehicle is the engine itself, and the passengers or payload ride, for all intensive purposes, inside the engine.

Induction drives rely on creating an intense electromagnetic field within the spacecraft, which induces an opposing reactionary electromagnetic field in the environment around the spacecraft, propelling it without propellant. Thus the electromagnetic field, which is inducing the propulsive force, must encompass and act on the entire vehicle directly. The design of these types of advanced space exploration systems is dictated by their method of operation as much as any aeroplane or rocket. The vehicle must reside within the electromagnetic field and must be of a shape conducive to the storage or containment of an electromagnetic field. Simple geometric shapes, such as spheres, cylinders, and other such shapes are much more suitable to this task. To the point, magnets are made in these exact same shapes, you would not make a magnet with a bunch of random projections and points, because the magnetic field would no longer be uniform.

The Star Trek Enterprise is the perfect example of an unsuitable shape for surrounding a vehicle with an electromagnetic field. Sharp protrusions and extensions such as wings would drastically interfere with the production and maintenance of such an electromagnetic field. Furthermore, if this induction drive were installed as an engine, seperate from the rest of a vehicle, the induction drive, when empowered, would simple leave the rest of the vehicle behind. In the case of induction space drives, we are utilizing electromagnetic fields, rather than air or chemical propellants, and thus the vehicles shape is governed by completely different engineering contraints. Even the very term "flying" is not an accurate description of the method of propulsion employed in this case. Flying denotes wings and an atmosphere, whereas this system requires neither of these to operate.

Video of Simple Electromagnetic Induction Levitation in Action

How Simple Electromagnetic Induction Coil Levitation Works:

Just the facts.

Alternating current from the wall outlet wire can be thought of like water surging forward and then backward and then forward and then backward in a pipe. From the wall, depending on where you live, this surging or cycling pushes and pulls, back and forth about 60 or 50 times a second.( 60 Hz or 50 Hz ) A Hz or Hertz is one cycle per second. Hertz was the scientist who discovered electromagnetic induction. In Canada this frequency is marked on microwave ovens, motors etc. Nikola Tesla picked 60 Hz as the alternating current frequency and we still use it today!

If you think of water surging back and forth this many times in a second it seems fast, but in terms of what can be produced with electricity it is very very slow on the frequency scale. Radio transmits at 100,000 Hz up to 1,000,000 Hz. Visible light at 5,000,000,000 to 7,000,000,000 Hz. Just for a quick comparison.

All current flow will generate a magnetic field. However, inductance requires a changing flow of current. You can make a simple electromagnet by winding a long wire into a coil, which increases the magnetic field by adding up the magnetic fields of each individual wire. You can power it from a battery which is direct current ( DC ) or alternating current ( AC ). Any insulated wire will work, but with magnet wire the varnish coating is very thin, and very insulating, so the coil windings can be closer together. In professionally created electromagnetic they will employ special materials for the core of the electromagnet. A Tesla Coil has no core, and is refered to as an Air Core transformer. Indeed, if you place two electromagnets close to each other and power one with alternating current, it will induce an alternating current in the other coil, this is inductance. All transformers rely on this simple concept.

When an electromagnet is powered by AC the magnetic field alternates too, creating reactance. Reactance is a resistance or opposition against the changing alternating current. This reactance is what changes the electricity into heat. Reactance to alternating current occurs because the magnetic field cannot flip back and forth as rapidlly as the alternating current. A magnet field is induced in the enviroment which opposes or is opposite, to the magnet field the alternating current is producing. Oppositely, if the current suddenly stops, the magnetic field in the space around the coil trys to maintain or keep the magnet field flowing. If you have an electromagnet with a current flowing through it, and you suddenly disconnect the current. A large spark will jump across where you disconnected it. This effect is known as inductive kickback. Inductive kickback is used to create a spark, igniting the fuel in the internal combustion engine. The spark is created when the circuit is suddenly opened or broken, not when it closes.

This is because the magnet field wants to keep the current flowing and when it starts to collapse it is converted into a high voltage which jumps any small gaps in the circuit. Once an arc or spark bridges the gap, the magnetic field collapses and releases the energy, because a current can flow. The Inductance of a coil is a measure of how resistant to change, or how much the coil will resist a changing current.

Reactance and Inductance only happens when the current changes, either increasing, decreasing or alternating. The magnetic field of a constant current, is also constant, so there is no resistance to change, or no reactance to the flow of current.

In our AC electromagnetic the current is first building in one direction, then collapsing. Then building in the other direction, then collapsing. Because the alternating current is pushing and pulling. In electric engineering they call it electromotive force and counter-electromative force. In fact the alternating electromagnetic field is repeling or repulsing everything in the enviroment or space around it. Around the coil there is an occilating or pulsating magnetic field. This changing field induces an opposing occilation or pulsation in everything around it. In air this effect is relatively weak, so in the video, and all the other electromagnetic induction coil levitation videos on youtube, they always have a metal plate under the coil.

The magnetic field of the coil induces a much more powerful opposing magnetic field in metal because a greater imposing current can flow in the metal. A much much stronger alternating electromagnetic field would be needed to do acheive the same effect over air or plastic or wood. The alternating magnetic field created by the coil will always induce an oppositly alternating magnetic field in the metal it sits on. ( or is near ). Thus the two magnet fields repel each other. The induced magnetic field opposes or repells the inducing magnetic field. Thus the magnetic field of the coil repels or moves away from the magnetic field it induces in the metal plate. It can only move so far way because the coil itself is inducing the magnetic field which is causing the repulsion. As it moves further away, it induces less repelling magnetic field and would fall back down. If it gets to close the strength of the induced field increases pushing it away. So the electromagnetic induction coil can only levitate so high, before it reaches a balance point.

This is all right out of electricity books. Simple. Proven. Works. If you understand this than you too are with the likes of the great thinkers.

People have taken this idea way further. Using higher frequencies, focusing and storing electromagnetic energy, resonance, feedback, etc etc. Ancient people probably used lightning or some type of heat driven electric mercury turbine to acheive the same effect.
Understand electromagnetic theory instantly
with these simple to build, hands on examples!
Build a motor, an ion motor, a railgun, and other cool devices in just a few minutes.
Don't just read about it, see it for yourself!

Unlike all the crackpots and bullshitters out there, I am more than willing to prove what I am saying. You can see what I am talking about, with your own eyes, and actually build working examples of all the applied principles. Everything on this website is built upon existing, legitimate science, which can be readily replicated by anyone. It is not some radical new theory which will bring about advanced starships, but a deeper understanding of existing theory.

Electromagnetic levitation device utilizing
simple electromagnetic induction repulsion

Electromagnetic levitation device utilizing
electromagnetic induction repulsion
and
electrostatic repulsion.

High Power Electromagnetic Induction Drive Utilizing Lorentz Forces

In order to acheive induction drive, as much of the mass of the vehicle as possible, must reside within the powerful electromagnetic field created by the vehicle. It is well known the electric field of a capacitor or condensor, resides entirely between the plates composing the capcitor. Likewise, the magnetic field of a torus or toroidial coil, resides entirely with the coil of the toroid. Thus if we need a system for containing an electromagnetic field, some combination of capacitor and toroidial coil are ideally suited to this task.

Magnetic Field of Torus
Top View

The entire vehicle should be built, within the capacitive plates producing the electric field component of the propulsion system. In this fashion the electric field applied to these capacitive elements, will effect the entire volume and mass of the vehicle. Again, the vehicle is built entirely within the plates or surfaces from which extend the electric field. Likewise, we wish to have a magnetic field which effects the entire volume of the craft. As a safety issue to possible human occupants, we may not want the full magnetic field strength to effect the entire vehicle. The one inductor drive makes a compromise here, with a larger percentage of the magnetic field being stored within the toroidial coil than in the total remaining volume of the craft. Although the toroid makes the perfect magnetic field containment device we are looking for, there is one drawback to its use. Since it is a closed electrical circuit, it cannot be directly connected to the capacitive elements of the vehicle, as a true LC circuit.

The central pole or main pole or single inductor, serves the purpose of coupling the toroid to the capacitance in the one inductor drive. Any current flow through this single inductor, does produce a magnetic field around the single inductor. The current flow in the single inductor is related to the electrical charge in the capcitive element, thus the stength of electrical field is directly related to the magnetic field strength of the single inductor, as in any capacitor/inductor circuit. However, the single inductor also induces current flow in the toroidial coil surounding the single inductor. Thus through the single inductor's magnetic coupling to the toroidial coil, transfer of electrical energy can be made to the toroidial coil. The most interesting feature of this arrangement is due to the feature of all toroidal magnetic fields. This energy can be pumped in, but the magnetic field of the toroid cannot leave the toroid, so it can act as a magnetic storage. The magnetic field inside the toroidial coil can be many orders of magnitude greater than that produced by the single inductor alone. Since the magnetic fields of the toriod, single inductor and even the magnetic field produced by the capacitive elements all coincide, their magnetic fields all reinforce one another.

Anyone familiar with capacitive/inductive circuits will immediatly realize this device has a natural resonant electromagnetic frequency, as it is exactly the same as a simple RLC radio circuit. We can clarify the difference between this circuit and that of a normal radio circuit; In this design the inductive coil is physically inside or inbetween the capacitive plates, the relative sizes of each being modified to accomplish this. Furthermore, if we were to continue to add other radio elements, such as a rectifier, amplifier and power source as would be required in a functional circuit. The entire functionality of this device, necessitates these elements would also need to reside, within the volume of the capacitive elements. To further clarify this, we can say any electromagnetic induction drive vehicle, cannot be significantly larger in volume, than the capacitive elements creating the induced electric field component. The mass of the vehicle, its power source, navigation, payload, and pilots or occupants, must all be within the electric field created by the vehicle. Since in this example the electrical field is created by two large metal plates, the vehicle would be built within these plates, the capacitive plates themselves defining the volume and shape of the vehicle.

An Example of an Electromagnetic Resonator from Dr. Feynman

Link to a Simple Diagram of the General Electrical Circuit of the Drive

We can further analyze the flow of energy in this arrangement. Induction space drives require electrical energy, an amount which depends on the overall efficiency of the design( how much energy is actuall converted into propulsive force). Explaining how electrical power is actually used in the craft will show the high efficiencies possible. In order to operate the One Inductor Drive requires a repeated high direct current pulse supplied to the single inductor, so as the top( or one end ) of the single inductor becomes positivly charged and the other negatively. This charge is then passed to the capacative plates. The charging and discharging within the device is akin to the stretching of an elastic membrane and the relaxation or return to normal. In the case of this device the impulses stretch the membrane a little further with each pulse, never allowing it to completely return to normal, so that a high static charge is developed. Although a direct current impulse is supplied to the main pole, the resultant current flow in the single inductor and toroid will end up being an alternating current, at the natural resonance of the system. There will exist in the toroid a standing electromagnetic wave, which can be pumped to great intensity by the magnetic impulses applied from the single inductor ( if these match this natural resonance ). The current carrying capacity of the toroidial coil is the only limiting factor to the amount of electromagnetic energy which can be pumped into it. Using existing technology applied in the manner described, we have the capability to contain huge amounts of electromagnetic energy ( approximately millions of volts and up to 25 T )and at reasonably high frequencies ( 1-1000 MHz ).

Careful re-examination of Mr. Faraday's Simple Mercury Motor leads to a more generalized expresion of the Lorentz force..

Faraday's Simple Mercury Motor Experiment

Link to a modern replication of
Faraday's Simple Mercury Motor

The key principle to understanding the propulsion of an an induction drive is the Lorentz Force.

The Right Hand Rule

We are not only interested in the creation of a powerful electromagnetic field within the vehicle, but these electromagnetic components must posses a specific spatial orientation as well. As currently defined in the physics community the Lorentz force is defined as, "Any electric field in space will have an associated magnetic field orientated at 90 degrees to it and this arrangement of perpendicular electric and magnetic fields will produce a force, which is itself 90 degrees to both the electric and magnetic field." This is the right hand motor rule of which every physicist or electrician is familiar. To enlighten one further, simply apply the right hand motor rule to the case of a single current carrying conductor in Faraday's simple motor. The force produced in such a simple case is in the same direction as the magnetic field, hence for Faraday's simple motor the wire rotates in the mercury dish. This force exists for every electromagnetic field in the entire Universe.
For example: The predicted direction of this force for the electromagnetic fields of a photon of light, is conveniently in the direction of propogation. This is true even though the electromagnetic field of a photon is alternating.Even though the electric and magnetic fields alternate, the resultant force is unidirectional. This counter-intuitive concept was used by Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard to design an Alternating Current Conduction Pump in which alternating electromagnetic fields produce unidirectional flow. ( Try it with the right hand rule. If you switch the direction of both the electric and magnetic fields, the resultant force will still point in the same direction ) We can see a visual example of this in the following animation. Although the electromagnetic field is in rotation, the lorentz force produced remains contstant and unchanging. This is a special electromagnetic case, of which light is a perfect example.

Figure 1.
A rotating electromagnetic field produces a unidirectional, constant Lorentz force.

Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard's Alternating Current Magnetohydrodynamic Conduction Pump

By applying these electromagnetodynamic or magnetohydrodynamic principles to the one inductor drive, we begin to see how propulsive force is created. The magnetic field in the toroid is essentially traveling in a circular path and the resultant current induced in its windings is like wise in the same circular path. The electric field in the coil is induced always 90 degress out of phase of the magnetic field inducing it ( current lags voltage or vice versa ). So we have a rotating electric field or current and a rotating or circular magnetic field, in which both are 90 degrees out of phase with each other. By calculating the Lorentz force due to this arrangement of electromagnetic fields we deduce the force produced is 90 degrees to both the electric and magnetic componenets, or the force induced will be in the direction of the central axis of the toroid. It must be clarified here that not all intense electromagnetic fields will produce a propulsive force. It is only when the electric field and magnetic field are perpendicular or ninety degrees out of phase. The arrangement of the electromagnetic field within the vehicles volume, especially the spatial relationship of the electric field to the electromagnetic field, are extremely critical to the inductive drive system. In simple terms, the electric and magnetic fields rotate in the same plane, but one follows the other. We are recreating the exact same field effect as in Figure 1 above, but without distinct magnets or electrical circuits. This is the beauty of the One Inductor Drive. Its simplicity, hides a complicated interplay of electromagnetic fields and forces. If we regress from the One Inductor Drive to a multiple inductor drive system, the rotating electromagnetic field component becomes very obvious. Realize, the One Inductor Drive is a logical simplification of a this multiple induction drive design. Induction drives using multiple inductors are operating on exactly the same propulsion effect as a single inductor drive, but this underlying mechanism is not as obvious from the one inductor design. We can say the One Inductor Drive design uses a much more elegant means to generate the required rotating electromagnetic field.

Creation of a Rotating Contained Electromagnetic Field using multiple inductors for an Induction Space Drive

Relationship of Inertia or Momentum and the Electromagnetic Field of a Photon of Light

Since any Lorentz force would be related to the magnetic field intensity and current strength in the toroid, which can be pumped to very high levels, the force produced can be made very intense as well. If the frequencies employed are higher than the hearing threshold of a human, the pulses or device can be made to operate in silence( except for coronal noise or a slight hissing or humming sound ) and the force would appear relatively constant. In operation the device would likewise give of a luminous glow due to the ionization or atmospheric exitement caused by the high potential of the electrostatic field created around the drive system. The goal of the one inductor drive system is to minimize electromagnetic radiation. Although high frequency electromagnetic energy is used to power the system, the device will work most efficiently when this energy is contained within the volume of the system, and not radiated into space. The one inductor drive, utlizes magnetic induction within itself to amplify the power levels, but relies on electrostatic induction to influence the external environment.

Since the electromagnetic field has a body nature, (where it effects all the space it occupies at the speed of light), the electromagnetodynamic force produced is likewise of a body nature( where it affects all mass within the field essentially simultaneously ). In this manner, at the high impulse frequencies and powers, the force becomes very similar to inertia. This demonstrates a relationship between electromagnetism and inertia or gravity. Gravity could thus be considered a special case of the more general lorentz force of the electromagnetic fields occuping all space/time( especially when the electromagnetic field is travelling in an angular fashion). All photons have a measure of momentum( inertia's simplist unit is the Poiynting vector of a photon )and when this single unit of momentum is concentrated sufficiently it becomes mass ( by a form of constructive angular harmonic augmentation ) and therefore a gravitational field will exist.( the electromagnetic field is confined due to a rotational/angular Poynting vector ) Gravity is the attraction of all inertia forces to all other inertial forces, especially when the inertial field in question is significantly dense or of an angular nature.

Creation of High Intensity Electromagnetic Standing Waves in a Toiroidial Coil
Utilizing Repetetive Inductive Impulses From A Single Magnetic Inductor and Capacitance

There is no rewrite of modern physics required to understand and implement this revolutionary form of propulsion. It is based on a generalized understanding of existing electromagnetodynamic theory. Simply put, the device can be said to travel near light speed by becoming like light. The vehicle incorporates the same interactions of fields and forces which allow light to travel so quickly throughout space or an electron so quickly through a wire. The concept of Induction Drive for Space exploration using a specific configuration of electromagnetic components offers a relativly simple means to generate huge propulsive fields suitable for the exploration of extreme distances in space and mastery of gravity. However, it is here noted that the One Inductor Drive represents only one means to create an induction type of space drive. There exist many other methods, some simpler, some more complex which can physically demonstrate this same effect.

Small Scale Test Apparatus for Propulsion System

A = Signal/Frequency Generator B = Primary Control Circuitry/ Safety / Measurement / Initial Signal Amplification C = Primary Step Up Transformer D = Main Signal Amplification E = Secondary Step Up Transformer ( 1 MV @ 10 KVA, 10KHz- 100MHz, DC Out ) F = Launch Platform/ Base G = Small Test Vehicle H = Input Power from Local Grid J = Operator K = Breakaway Power Supply to Test Vehicle Capable of launching small Sputnik style satelite. Single shot and not recoverable. Test Vehicle does not contain its own power source other than for guidance.

Understanding Light
If you want to travel as fast as possible through space,
you have to have a vehicle that behaves like light. A discussion of electromagnetic field theory.

Magnetohydrodynamic Ship Propulsion
Moving ships through sea water with electromagnetic fields.

External Evidence for Electromagnetic Field Propulsion

At the top of the list William J. Cooper's Motional Electric Theory.
If any physicists fails to recognize the significance of this document, then he is blind and a fool.
New Horizons In Electric, Magnetic & Gravitational Field Theory - William J. Cooper. (html)

From NASA
Interstellar Propulsion Research: Realistic Possibilities and Idealistic Dreams(pdf)
Prospects for a Breakthrough in Field Dependent Propulsion. A.C. Holt. NASA Johnson Space Center (pdf)
Sponsored By:
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

NASA Induction Ring Design

From the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
Toroidial Plasma Thruster for
Interplanetary and Interstellar Space Flights (pdf)

Theoretical Analysis of Shock Wave Annihilation with MHD Force Field.(pdf)
and the comic book version!
The Silence Barrier - A comic book explaining electromagnetic force field propulsion.(pdf)

New Frontiers in space Propulsion Sciences.(pdf)

Nonlinear Electromagnetic Propulsion.(pdf)

Magnetoaerodynamic Propulsion for Exploration of Atomosphere Bearing Planetary Bodies.(pdf)

On the Possibility of a Propulsion Drive Creation Through a Local Manipulation of Spacetime Geometry.(pdf)

Propulsion Through Electromagnetic Self-sustained Acceleration.(pdf)

The Challenge to Create the Space drive.(pdf)

A Theoretical Field Propulsion Design.(pdf)

The Warp Drive: Hyper-fast Travel Within General Relativity By Miguel Alcubierre (pdf)

Interstellar Travel by Means of Wormhole Induction Propulsion By Eric W. Davis (pdf)

The Theory of Buckhard Heim and its Presentation of Hyperspace Travel (html)

Source for Buckhard Heim's Abstract and Paper

Bobbin Electromagnetic Field Propulsion Vehicle Patent
Utilization of Lenz forces in a toroidial type field propulsion device.(pdf)

An Electromagnetic Basis For Inertia and Gravitation.(pdf)

Current Research in Gravito-Electromagnetic Spacecraft Propulsion.(pdf)

Vacuume-Generated Reaction Force.(pdf)

Inertia as a Zero-Point-Field Lorentz Force.(pdf)

A_Possible Theoretical Basis For Propulsive Force Generation By Both Conventional and Unconventional Means.(pdf)

Propellantless Propulsion by Electromagnetic Inertia Manipulation.(pdf)
Experiment and Study By Hector Hugo Brito

Link Here to the obscure description of a similar device

Link to an easily replicated experiment demonstrating propulsive force from a toroidial coil and solid metal core. (html)
( Not sure about the authors explanation though )