How to Travel to the Stars Part 3There is a great deal of information regarding electromagnetic fields which must be covered in order to understand exactly how the OVAL interstellar starship operates. The well known principles of electrical generation and the motor rules are presented below. In some respects this spaceship is an electric vehicle but not in an ordinary sense. It will be seen by viewing the following three applets that the generation and motor principle are simply reciprocal applications of the same underlying principle. This motor principle is one of the keys to the generation of a thrust or motivational force for an interstellar journey. The device is operating somewhat like a motor armature with the external environment itself acting as the stator.
Principles of ElectromagnetodynamicsThese three applets concern the generation of AC and DC electricity and the reciprocal of generation, Lenz's law which is how motors are driven with electricity. The electromagnetodynamic diagram shows the relative relationship of the three fields of force, electric field in blue, magnetic field in red, and the resultant force or "mechanical field" in green. In all cases where an electric field exists perpendicular to a magnetic field there will be this associated force.( although the related force has not been shown in all the graphics and animations on this website )  Electromagnetodynamic Force  The Motor generator Principle  Electromagnetic Field of a Current in a Coil Physics Animations of Electric Motor Principles Electromagnetodynamics FormulaFrom The Dynamic Theory - Pharis E. Williams "V x S+(0.5)o/dt(B^2+E^2)-E x (E-V x B )= 0 This means that interesting energy and momentum flows are expected for E x E tarms and E x V x B terms. In other words, where the electric fields are rapidly changing or where there is a curI (rotation) of the magnetic field reacting with electric fields. (The electric field should be perpendicular to the axis of rotation.) These areas have been exactly where anomalous experimental claims have occurred. The E x E term will be considered in the Biefield-Brown discussion for charging capacitors. The curl term is curious. It may be an expression that may come to bear in rapidly rotating systems of magnets. Notice a rnpidly rotating magnet reacts somewhat like a charge. The E x V x B term is a triple scalar product. It is the same as the divergence of the Poynting vector( S )." Besides these common applications of generation and motive power from electricity ( which exist in everything from an electric toothbrush to a portable RV electrical generator, there are some more unusual applications of the motor principle, or Lenz's law. By examining some of the most complex uses of electromagnetism for motors and pumps, some very unusual and counter-intuitive applications of electromagnetic fields for propulsion will become apparent.
 Creative Engineers Image Flat Linear Induction Pump for Molten Aluminum Magnetohydrodynamics is a field of magnetic pumping which uses the Lenz law to pump liquids using only an electromagnetic field. This unique concept allows magnetohydrodynamics to pump conducting liquids with absolutely " No Moving Parts !"There is simply a changing electromagnetic field developed through the medium being pumped which will cause it to move. The most common application of these electromagnetodynamic pumps is in the metal industry where molten metal can be pumped and stirred without contact, right through the walls of the vessel containing the molten metal. Pumps of this type are utilized in nuclear reactors where liquid sodium is pumped through the reactor core for cooling. The high temperature and reactivity of this molten salt would destroy any normal impeller. By pumping right through the walls of the piping the dangerously radioactive salt is isolated from the pumps themselves which is beneficial for safety and maintenance reasons. In fact, the rate of flow of these liquids can be measured without contact with the liquid by applying the reverse of this principle. The links below will introduce the Alternating Current Conduction Pump, which is unusual in it provides a unidirectional force from an alternating electromagnetic field, and some of the other more specialized and complicated magnetohydrodynamic designs, including those for ship and submarine propulsion. Read the Creative Engineer's Ltd AC Conduction pumps brochure (700kb file ) Link to Creative Engineer's Ltd Homepage Rex Research Electromagnetic Ship Propulsion Web site Diagrams of the Major Types of MHD Pumps Build your own MHD drive in a few minutes!
Read the Popular Science Article called Jet Ships |
Summary of ElectromagnetodynamicsThere are many websites showing tons of information concerning electromagnetodynamic propulsion for spacecraft ( links on previous page ) however these articles provide the basics necessary to understand this particular system. It should be stated here that although these Electromagnetodynamic pumps and their concepts possess very desirable characteristics for use in space there are considerable problems and new issues to resolve. In most cases magnetohydrodynamics relies on highly conductive media such as molten metal, sea water, or high temperature plasma. There is also the requirement of large magnetic field production, usually very heavy and power intensive. On the plus side electromagnetodynamic action still applies to non-conductors ,non-magnetic material and even vacuum. The OVAL interstellar system circumvents these weight and power production issues through employment of the characteristics of the ac conduction pump, alternating electromagnetic fields, field containment, resonance and feedback. The discussion continues with a more thorough examination of how the device utilizes electromagnetodynamics in operation and how these ideas relate to the very nature of light itself. |
How to Travel to the Stars Part 4
